Backtest

• Strategy

Backtest

class qtrade.backtest.Backtest(data: DataFrame | dict[str, DataFrame], strategy_class: type[Strategy], cash: float = 10_000, commission: Commission | None = None, margin_ratio: float | dict[str, float] | None = None, trade_on_close: bool = False, verbose: bool = False, contract_multiplier: float | dict[str, float] | None = None, contracts: dict[str, Contract] | Contract | None = None)

基类：object

Run a strategy against historical data — single asset or a portfolio.

Pass a DataFrame for single-asset; pass dict[str, DataFrame] to run a portfolio strategy across multiple assets.

参数:

• data -- Single OHLCV DataFrame, or a dict mapping asset symbol to its OHLCV DataFrame (multi-asset). All DataFrames must have a DatetimeIndex and the same index for proper portfolio accounting.

• strategy_class -- Strategy class (subclass of Strategy) to instantiate.

• cash -- Starting cash.

• commission -- Commission calculator (None ⇒ no commission).

• contracts -- Preferred way to specify per-asset multiplier and margin. Pass a single Contract to apply to all assets, or a dict keyed by asset symbol — assets you don't list resolve to STOCK_CASH (no leverage, multiplier 1.0). Built-in specs live in qtrade.contracts (STOCK_CASH, GC_COMEX, ES_CME, etc.); custom Contract(multiplier=…, margin_ratio=…) instances work the same way.

• margin_ratio -- Lower-level escape hatch (scalar or dict). Mutually exclusive with contracts.

• contract_multiplier -- Lower-level escape hatch (scalar or dict). Mutually exclusive with contracts.

• trade_on_close -- If True, market orders fill at the current bar's close price; otherwise at the next bar's open.

• verbose -- Verbose logging.

export_report(output_path: str, *, title: str = 'QTrade Backtest Report', strategy_name: str | None = None) → str

Export a single-file HTML report (stats + charts + trades).

参数:

• output_path -- Destination file path.

• title -- Document title and main heading.

• strategy_name -- Optional label shown in the header. Defaults to the strategy class name.

Returns:

Absolute path (string)

get_trade_history() → DataFrame

Trade-by-trade DataFrame across all assets.

optimize(maximize: str, constraint: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None, **params_grid)

Grid-search strategy parameters and return the best.

参数:

• maximize -- Metric name from calculate_stats to maximize.

• constraint -- Optional filter on parameter dicts (return False to skip).

• **params_grid -- Parameter ranges, e.g. n1=range(5, 30, 5).

Returns:

`` (best_params, best_stats, all_results)

plot()

plot_heatmap(results: list[dict[str, Any]], x: str, y: str, metric: str, **kwargs)

Render a 2D heatmap of an optimization grid.

Thin wrapper around qtrade.utils.heatmap.plot_optimization_heatmap() — pass the all_results returned by optimize().

参数:

• results -- all_results list from optimize().

• x -- Parameter names to lay out on the axes.

• y -- Parameter names to lay out on the axes.

• metric -- Stats key to color by (e.g. "Sharpe Ratio").

• **kwargs -- Forwarded to plot_optimization_heatmap (filename, palette, title, aggfunc, show_plot, width, height).

Returns:

The Bokeh ``figure`` object.

run(**strategy_params)

Run the backtest end-to-end.

show_stats()

walk_forward_optimize(*, train_window: int, test_window: int, maximize: str, step: int | None = None, constraint: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None, **params_grid) → dict

Walk-forward optimization: rolling-window training + immediate out-of-sample test.

For each (train, test) window pair:

1. Run optimize() on the train slice to pick the best params.

2. Run a fresh backtest on the test slice using those params.

3. Record the out-of-sample (OoS) statistics.

This is the standard antidote to the in-sample overfitting that bare optimize() produces — every reported metric is on data the strategy was never tuned on.

参数:

• train_window -- Number of bars in each training window.

• test_window -- Number of bars in the test window immediately after.

• maximize -- Metric name to maximize within each train window (same as optimize()).

• step -- How many bars to advance between successive train starts. Defaults to test_window (non-overlapping test windows).

• constraint -- Optional filter on parameter dicts.

• **params_grid -- Parameter ranges, same as optimize().

Returns:

• ``{'windows': [...], 'summary': {...}}``.

• Each entry in ``windows`` is a dict with ``train_start``,

• ``train_end``, ``test_start``, ``test_end``, ``best_params``,

• ``train_stats``, ``test_stats``, and ``test_equity``

• (the test-window equity Series).

• ``summary`` contains aggregate OoS metrics -- n_windows,

• ``mean_oos_return``, ``hit_rate``, ``min_oos_return``,

• ``max_oos_return``.